From chess to the game of Go: when artificial intelligence overtakes man

The case will finally be folded very quickly. The first three games were indeed enough for the DeepMind computer (AlphaGo) to win the game of Go against the champion Lee Sedol, who is among the best professional players in the world. Final score without appeal: four to one. But this symbolic victory is only one more stone in the building of artificial intelligence. It's not the first, and it won't be the last, far from it.

But by the way, what exactly is artificial intelligence?

Before getting to the heart of the matter, it is important to define some basics on artificial intelligence, a (very) vast subject. Let's start by clarifying what exactly is meant by artificial intelligence, or AI. The Larousse dictionary gives the following definition: “A set of theories and techniques implemented with a view to producing machines capable of simulating human intelligence”. Here is also an alternative presented by Dominique Pastre, professor of mathematics at the University of Paris 5: “Have a machine do tasks that man accomplishes by using his intelligence”.

For JL Laurière (former professor at Paris 6 and pioneer of research in artificial intelligence), it is the “study of the intellectual activities of man for which no method is a priori known”. Indeed, if a computer program already exists, there is no need to have an artificial intelligence to perform this task. Common examples include writing, summarizing a text, mathematics in the broad sense, making a medical diagnosis, etc.

We can also cite Turing and his famous test which consists in determining whether an intelligent machine can be defined as “conscious”. To pass this test, the machine must pass itself off as a human during a conversation via text messages (it would be too easy to identify a computer otherwise). Many programs have tried and failed at it.

The checkers game (500 billion billion possibilities) was solved in 2007

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